Method of making fastener studs



April 30, 1946. M. P. GRAHAM.-

METHOD OF MAKING FASTENER STUDS Filed March 15L 1943 2 Sheevts-Sheet lmLEl-L @1 7 Mfr/95W AO @enf/AAA.

April 30,194@

v Hummm M. P. GRAHAMv METHOD 0F MAKING FASTENER sTUDs Filed March4 15,1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 30, 1946 METHOD OF MAKING FASTENERSTUDS Matthew P. Graham, Detroit, Mich., assigner to Thompson Products,Inc., a corporation of Ohio Application March 13, 1943, Serial No.479,069

5 Claims.

This invention relates to the production of fastener studs from metalrods.

Specifically, the invention relates to the making of studs for cowlfasteners by inexpensive upset ting and die pressing operations toproduce articles which are 'stronger and have longer wear life thanmilled or lathe turned articles. Y

According to this invention, fastener studs useful in cowl fastenersmore fully disclosed in the Anthony Venditty application entitledFastener, Serial No. 456,599, led August 29, 1942, are made in acommercially economic mannerv involving pressingoperations whichpreserve the longitudinal grain band formation of a rod type blank. Theinvention makes possible the `production of better wearing and strongerstuds than can be produced by lathe Vturning or milling operations,since Wearing surfaces of the stud are dened by the sides 0f metal grainbands and not by cut or broken ends of metal grain bands. f

In carrying out th'e process of this invention, a cylindrical metal rodis rst upset on one end thereof to provide an enlarged head. In thisupsetting operation the longitudinally extending grain bands of the rodare merely bowed outwardly. The other end of the headed rod is thenpointed as by means of a rotary mill cutter. The ends of the metal grainbands may be exposed at this pointed end but since the pointed end isnot subjected to appreciable Wear, exposure of grain band ends at thisportion of the stud is not ob jectionable.

'I'h'e pointed and headed rod is then die pressed to flatten the pointedend and adjacent cylindrical portion of the rod into an enlarged wedgeshaped head having quarter turn diverging helical side walls terminatingat their root ends at inwardly extending shoulders. These shoulders arerefined by the sides of metal grain bands and are much stronger thanshoulders produced by cutting operations, since such cut shoulders wouldbe defined by the ends of metal grain bands. p

In the die pressing operation, a pair of mating dies are used each ofwhich has a flattened recess of helical contour terminating in aninwardly projecting rib for forming simultaneously the enlargedflattened wedge shaped end and the shoulders on the pointed end of therod.

It is then an object of this invention to provide a high capacitycommercial method of producing fastener studs having complicatedcontours.

A still furth'er object of this invention is to provide a method offorming studs for fasteners disclosed in the Venditty application,Serial No.

n A still further object of the invention is to provide dies capable ofacting on a cylindrical rod to form, in one operation, a wedge shapedextremity on the rod having quarter turn helical surfaces on oppositesides thereof terminating at inwardly extending shoulders. p

A still further object of the invention is to provide a method of makingcomplicated fastener studs from metal blanks Without wasting metal.

A stil1 further object of the invention is to produce cowl fastenerstuds from cylindrical rods without wasting metal.

Other and further objects of the invention-will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art from the 'following detailed description of theannexed sheets of drawings which, by way of preferred eX- ample only,illustrate one embodiment of the invention.

On the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevational View of a cowl fastener including a studof this invention and illustrating th'e manner in which the fastener andstud cooperate to lock together a pair of plates shown in verticalcross-section; y

Figure 2 is an enlarged side elevational View with a portion broken awayand shown in vertical cross-section, of a fastener stud according tothis invention;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 but taken at right angles toFigure 2; y

Figure 4 is a top plan View of the fastener vstud shown in Figures 1 to3;

Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the fastener stud takenalong the line V--V of Figure 4, and illustrating the grain bandformation of the stud;

Figure 6 is a side elevational View of a cylindrical metal rod fromwhich the fastener stud of this invention is produced;

Figure '7 is a side elevational view, with parts in verticalcross-section, of upsetting dies illustrating the manner in which a headis formed on the rod of Figure 6; Y

Figure 8 is a side elevational view, with parts in verticalcross-section, illustrating a device for pointing the end of the headedrod;

Figure 9 is an end elevational view of a pair of dies for acting on theheaded and pointed rod of Figure v8 to produce a stud fastener accordingto this invention;

Figure is a View on a larger scale than Figure 9, illustrating one ofthe die members of this invention with a headed and pointed rod seatedtherein for the die pressing operation;

Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure l0 but illustrating a finishedfastener stud seated in the die at the completion of the pressingoperation;

Figure 12 is a View similar to Figures l0 and l1 of the mating die forthe die shown in Figures 10 and 11; and

Figure 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken through the pair ofdies of Figure 9 along a line designated at XIB- XIII in Figure 12.

As shown on the drawings:

In Figure 1 the reference character I0 designates generally a cowlfastener such as is disclosed and claimed in the Anthony Vendittyapplication Serial No. 456,599, led August 29, 1942. The fastenerincludes a spring receptacle I I mounted on an inner-apertured metalplate B by means of rivets R together with a fastener stud I2 accordingto this invention, rotatably mounted in the aperture of an outer plate Aand extending into the receptacle II to be locked into a hole of thereceptacle and held against unauthorized rotation by means of fingers IIa--I ia of the receptacle. The receptacle I I has a rectangularaperture IIb through which the studs can extend and the walls of thereceptacle adjacent the long sides of the aperture are adapted to begripped by shoulders ofthe stud which overlie these walls as more fullydescribed in the Venditty application Serial No. 456,599.

As best shown in Figures 2 to 4 the fastener stud I2 of this inventionhas an enlarged circular head I3 at one end thereof equipped with acentral screwdriver slot S formedV by means of a circular mill cutter, acylindrical shank portion I4 projecting from said head I3, diametricallyopposed at bottomed slots I5-I5 in the cylindrical shank I 4 and anenlarged wedge-likeend portion with quarter turn helically shapedsidewalls IS-I 6 extending from slopingend surfaces lII-I'I to terminatein undercut shoulders I8-l8 on the upper ends 4of the slots ISL-I5.Theendsurfaces II-I'I merge together at an apex I3.

When the stud I2 is mounted for operation in a cowl fastener, the headI3 thereof is adapted to be seated in a dimple D of the outer plate A asshown in Figure 1, while the shank I4 is adapted to pass freely throughthe apertured bottom of this dirnple. The shoulders I8 overlie thedimpled aperture to retain the stud `in the outer plate A. The enlargedflattened end of the stud is insertable through an apertured dimple D ofthe inner or top plate B into the rectangular aperture IIb of thereceptacle Ii.y The receptacle is secured on the inner plate B by meansof the rivets R. around the dimple D'. Upon quarter turn rotation of thestud I2 in the receptacle II the fingers IIa-I la of the receptacle arespread apart along the diverging end surfaces ITI- I1 until the stud isrotated sufficiently so that the fingers willride on the helical sides IS-I 6. These helical sides IG-I 5 are eifective'to engage the receptaclealong the rectangular aperture IIb to draw the receptacle toward theplate B. Upon completion of quarter turn rotation of the stud theshoulders I8I8 of the -stud will overlie the receptacle to hold theplates A and B in tight engagement.

In accordance with this invention, andas shown in Figure 5, the fastenerI2 has all wearing surfaces thereof, such as the under surfaces of thehead I3, the surfaces of the cylindrical shank I4,

the surfaces of the shoulders III-I8, and the surfaces of the helicalportions I6-I6 dened bythe sides only of metal grain bands 20. Thisconstruction materially increases the wear life of the stud because thegrain bands are not cut through to expose their ends at any points ofthe stud subjected to stress and wear. The metal is worked during theforming operation, according to this invention, to bow various portionsof metal grain bands, but these bands are not cut. As a result of thegrain band arrangement, the studs are stronger and will wear better.

As shown in Figure 6, a solid cylindrical metal rod 2I is used as a.blank for forming the stud I2 of this invention. As is customary inmetal rods, the metal grain bands of the rod 2l extend longitudinally.

As shownin Figure 7, the blank 2| is inserted in the cylindrical well 22of a female die member 23. The well 22 is bottomed by a knock-out pin24. The well 22 is not deep enough to accommodate the entire length ofthe blank 2l and a portion of the blank extends above the die 23 asindicated in dotted lines.

The die 23 has a head forming recess 25 in the top end thereof and aplunger 2E acts on the end portion of the blank extending above the dieto upset this end portion into the recess 25 and form the head I3 on theblank. The pin 24 is pushed into the well 22 to discharge the headedblank from the die 23.

As shown in Figure 8, the headed blank from the die 23 has the head I3thereof mounted on a table 21 'of a rotary milling cutter. Thecylindrical shank portion I4 of the blank extends vertically upward fromthe table 2l and locking members 28 carried by the table can engage thehead I3 to securely hold the headed blankwith its shank I4 extendingvertically upward. The table 21 can be rotatable and carry a pluralityof headed blanks for successively being brought under an'internal millcutter head29 rotated by a drive shaft 30 to form a pointed end 3I onthe top end of the cylindrical shank I4. The mill cutter 29 hasa conicalcutting well receiving the top end of the shank I4 to form `the conicalpointed end 3| thereon.

The machineV of Figure 8 can be arranged so that it will operateautomatically to successively bring a headed stud under the mill cutter29 for the pointing operation and to successively discharge the pointedstuds out of the machine.

The pointing operation is for the decrease or elimination of flash metalin the subsequent diepressing operation for attening the metal to formthe wedge-shaped end thereon. Instead of a mill cutter pointingoperation, the end of the blank could be shaped by die-pressing into theform of a thick, blunt screw driver. For example, a V shaped punch anddie could be used with the punch pushing the end of the stud through thedie to shave off the end of the stud into a blunt screw driver form.Enough stock would thereby be removed to prevent subsequent flashing inthesubsequent coining die operation.

As shown Vin Figure 9, a pair of die blocks 32 and 33 is provided toform the wedge-shaped enlarged ends on the pointed and headed studsproduced from the blank of Figure 6 by thel upsetting dies of Figure 'Iand the rotary cutter of Figure 8. The dies 32 and 33 cooperate toprovide a circular aperture 34 in which the cylindrical shank portion.I4 can extend. A block 35 is provided in spaced relation in front ofthis aperture 34 to engage the head I3 of the stud and prevent the studfrom being extruded out of lposition between the dies. This block 35 canbe carried by the lower die 32.

As shown in Figures and 11, the lower die 32 is in the form of'a metalblock having a crossshaped recess 3B in the top face thereof forreceiving the cross-shaped raised portion 38 of the top die 33 shown inFigure 12. As shown in Figure 10, the die 32 receives the headed andpointed blank therein and after the die pressing operation, as shown inFigure 11, the pointed end 3| and adjacent cylindrical portion I4 of theblank are pressed into the enlarged wedge-shaped end of the stud.

As best shown in Figure l2, the die 33 has a semi-cylindrical recess 39cooperating with a similar recess in the lower die 32 to form thecircular opening 34 shown in Figure 9. This recess 39 extendshorizontally inward from an end face of the die to an inwardlyprojecting rib 40 which slopes inwardly into the recess 39 from a levelabove the top of the recess. Behind this rib 40 there is formed anenlarged well 42 with a pointed end flZa for shaping the pointed end andadjacent cylindrical portion of the stud into the enlarged portion ofthe llnished stud. This well 42 slopes upwardly as shown in Figure 13,so that its shaping surface lies at an angle from the horizontal.

The bottom die 32 is complementary shaped and has a similar rib 40.

When the dies are brought together with the blank shown in Figure 10therebetween the ribs d of the dies will press slots in the cylindricalshank I4 of the stud while the pointed end of the stud and adjacentcylindrical portion will be flattened and enlarged to form the shouldersIii- I8 immediately behind the ribs 40. During the die pressingoperation the pointed end 3| and an adjacent portion of the cylindricalshank I4 is attened and spread out laterally.

In commercial operation it may be desired to carry out the die pressingprocedure in several steps, using rst a rough wornout die and then anaccurate new die. This will result in a longer die life and a moreaccurate finished stud.

From the above descriptions it will be understood that the invention nowprovides a simple, quick and inexpensive method of forming complicatedfastener stud shapes from simple cylindrical rod blanks without wastingmetal. The method of the invention includes an upsetting operation toform a head on the cylindrical rod, a pointing operation to form apointed end on the rod, and a die pressing operation to flatten out anenlarged pointed end of the blank as well as an adjacent cylindricalportion of the blank into the form of a wedge-like head having helicalside faces extending from sloping end faces for a quarter of a turn toterminate at root ends in inwardly extending shoulders. The end facesconverge at an apex. The shoulders are formed simultaneously with thewedge shaping operation. The finished studs of this invention have allsurfaces subjected to stress and wear deilned only by the sides of metalgrain bands, since the initial cylindrical rod blank has the grain bandsextending longitudinally or axially along its length. Theselongitudinally or axially extending bands are only bowed outwardlyduring the stud forming step and are not cut to expose grain band ends.

yIt will, of course, be understood that various details of constructionmay be varied through a wide range without departing from the principlesof this invention and it is, therefore, not the purpose to limit thepatent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the scope of theappended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. The method of making a fastener stud which comprises upsetting acylindrical metal rod to form an enlarged head on one end thereof,spinning a cutter on the other end of the rod to form a conical pointedend thereon, die pressing the pointed end and an adjacent cylindricalportion of the rod to deform the same into a flat wedge shaped extremityhaving end surfaces diverging from the point of the conically pointedend and flattened sidewalls spread laterally beyond the original'cylindrical rod dimension to define helical quarter turn grooves, andsimultaneously pressing diametrically opposed slots into the cylindricalrod at the root ends of the grooves to provide inwardly extendinglocking shoulders at said root ends.

2. The method of making a fastener stud which comprises upsetting acylindrical metal rod to form an enlarged circular head on one endthereof, pointing the other end of the cylindrical rod, flattening thepointed end and adjacent cylindrical portion of the rod into an enlargedflattened recess of helical contour terminating in opposed inwardlyprojecting ribs to simultaneously form a flattened wedge shapedextremity on the rod with diverging quarter turn helical sidesterminating at their root ends in inwardly projecting shoulders.

3. In the method of making a fastener stud, the step which comprisesflattening a pointed cylindrical rod into an enlarged flattened recessof helical contour terminating in spaced opposed inwardly projectingribs, to form a flattened wedge shaped extremity on the rod withopposite quarter turn helical sides and diametrically opposed slots inthe rod at the root ends of the helical sides for providing inwardlyextending locking shoulders at said root ends.

4. The method of forming fastener studs which comprises seating acylindrical metal rod into the cylindrical well of a female die havingan enlarged head forming recess in the end thereof, pressing one end ofthe rod into said recess to form an enlarged head on said rod,supporting the headed rod in an upright position with the cylindricalrod portion extending upward, enveloping the end of the cylindrical rodportion with an internal conically recessed cutter, rotating said cutteron the end of the rod portion to form a conical pointed end thereon,inserting the resulting headed and pointed blank between a pair ofcomplementary dies each having semi-cylindrical recesses terminating inspaced opposed inwardly extending ribs and enlarged flattened wellportions of inclined helical shape of greaterwidth than the cylindricalrod, forcing said dies together to form a flattened wedge-like extremityon the pointed end of the rod having helically curved side walls, andsimultaneously pressing slots into' the cylindrical rod at the root endsof said helical side walls to form inwardly extending locking shoulders.

5. The method of forming a fastener stud which comprises heading one endof a cylindrical rod, pointing the other end of the headed rod, andflattening the pointed end of the rod into Wedgelike shape whilesimultaneously pressing diametrically opposed slots into the rod at thebase of the wedge-like portion thereof.

MATTHEW P. GRAHAM.

